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British Journal of Anaesthesia Apr 2002
Topics: Anticoagulants; Blood Coagulation; Drug Resistance; Heparin; Humans
PubMed: 12066718
DOI: 10.1093/bja/88.4.467 -
Current Medicinal Chemistry 2016Nanomaterials can get into the blood circulation after injection or by release from implants but also by permeation of the epithelium after oral, respiratory or dermal... (Review)
Review
Nanomaterials can get into the blood circulation after injection or by release from implants but also by permeation of the epithelium after oral, respiratory or dermal exposure. Once in the blood, they can affect hemostasis, which is usually not intended. This review addresses effects of biological particles and engineered nanomaterials on hemostasis. The role of platelets and coagulation in normal clotting and the interaction with the immune system are described. Methods to identify effects of nanomaterials on clotting and results from in vitro and in vivo studies are summarized and the role of particle size and surface properties discussed. The literature overview showed that mainly pro-coagulative effects of nanomaterials have been described. In vitro studies suggested stronger effects of smaller than of larger NPs on coagulation and a greater importance of material than of surface charge. For instance, carbon nanotubes, polystyrene particles, and dendrimers inferred with clotting independent from their surface charge. Coating of particles with polyethylene glycol was able to prevent interaction with clotting by some particles, while it had no effect on others and the more recently developed bio-inspired surfaces might help to design coatings for more biocompatible particles. The mainly pro-coagulative action of nanoparticles could present a particular risk for individuals affected by common diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. Under standardized conditions, in vitro assays using human blood appear to be a suitable tool to study mechanisms of interference with hemostasis and to optimize hemocompatibility of nanomaterials.
Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Blood Coagulation; Hemostasis; Humans; Nanoparticles; Platelet Activation
PubMed: 26063498
DOI: 10.2174/0929867323666160106151428 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2021Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences that bind target molecules with high specificity and affinity. Aptamers exhibit several notable advantages over... (Review)
Review
Aptamers are single-stranded DNA or RNA sequences that bind target molecules with high specificity and affinity. Aptamers exhibit several notable advantages over protein-based therapeutics. Aptamers are non-immunogenic, easier to synthesize and modify, and can bind targets with greater affinity. Due to these benefits, aptamers are considered a promising therapeutic candidate to treat various conditions, including hematological disorders and cancer. An active area of research involves developing aptamers to target blood coagulation factors. These aptamers have the potential to treat cardiovascular diseases, blood disorders, and cancers. Although no aptamers targeting blood coagulation factors have been approved for clinical use, several aptamers have been evaluated in clinical trials and many more have demonstrated encouraging preclinical results. This review summarized our knowledge of the aptamers targeting proteins involved in coagulation, anticoagulation, fibrinolysis, their extensive applications as therapeutics and diagnostics tools, and the challenges they face for advancing to clinical use.
Topics: Animals; Aptamers, Nucleotide; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Factors; Carrier Proteins; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Fibrinolysis; Gene Targeting; Humans; Protein Binding; SELEX Aptamer Technique; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 33918821
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083897 -
Thrombosis Research Jul 2019Wound healing is a complex process that consists of multiple phases, each of which are indispensable for adequate repair. Timely initiation and resolution of each of... (Review)
Review
Wound healing is a complex process that consists of multiple phases, each of which are indispensable for adequate repair. Timely initiation and resolution of each of these phases namely, hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodeling, is critical for promoting healing and avoiding excess scar formation. While platelets have long been known to influence the healing process, other components of blood particularly coagulation factors and the fibrinolytic system also contribute to efficient wound repair. This review aims to summarize our current understanding of the role of platelets, the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems in cutaneous wound healing, with a focus on how these components communicate with immune and non-immune cells in the wound microenvironment. We also outline current and potential therapeutic strategies to improve the management of chronic, non-healing wounds.
Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation; Blood Platelets; Humans; Mice; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 31078121
DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2019.05.001 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2022Both invertebrates and vertebrates possess a cluster of immediate and local wound-sealing, pathogen-killing, and tissue healing responses known as immunoclotting and...
Both invertebrates and vertebrates possess a cluster of immediate and local wound-sealing, pathogen-killing, and tissue healing responses known as immunoclotting and immunothrombosis, respectively, to cope with two life-threatening emergencies, namely, bleeding and microbial invasion. Despite their convergence in function, immunoclotting and immunothrombosis are deployed by different blood cells and intravascular multidomain proteins. In vertebrates, these proteins share some domains with intrinsic chemical affinities useful in generating cooperative networks such as pathogen and damage pattern recognition molecules. Moreover, many of the proteins involved in coagulation and fibrinolysis in humans are multifunctional molecules playing roles in other processes from inflammation to healing and beyond. In our modern society, however, the interaction of activated intravascular allosteric proteins with one another and with blood cells entails vulnerabilities posing a biological paradox: intravascular proteins that locally operate as tissue repair enhancers can nevertheless generate pathogenic processes by acting systemically. In this manuscript, we contextualize and frame the coagulation system and hemostasis through an evolutionary time scale, illustrating their role as dual players in the defense against exsanguination and pathogens while significantly influencing wound healing.
Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation; Fibrinolysis; Hemostasis; Humans; Thromboinflammation; Wound Healing
PubMed: 35955499
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158346 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2021Toxins from venoms targeting hemostasis are responsible for a broad range of clinical and biological syndromes including local and systemic bleeding, incoagulability,... (Review)
Review
Toxins from venoms targeting hemostasis are responsible for a broad range of clinical and biological syndromes including local and systemic bleeding, incoagulability, thrombotic microangiopathy and macrothrombosis. Beyond hemostais disorders, toxins are also involved in the pathogenesis of edema and in most complications such as hypovolemia, cardiovascular collapse, acute kidney injury, myonecrosis, compartmental syndrome and superinfection. These toxins can be classified as enzymatic proteins (snake venom metalloproteinases, snake venom serine proteases, phospholipases A and L-amino acid oxidases) and non-enzymatic proteins (desintegrins and C-type lectin proteins). Bleeding is due to a multifocal toxicity targeting vessels, platelets and coagulation factors. Vessel damage due to the degradation of basement membrane and the subsequent disruption of endothelial cell integrity under hydrostatic pressure and tangential shear stress is primarily responsible for bleeding. Hemorrhage is promoted by thrombocytopenia, platelet hypoaggregation, consumption coagulopathy and fibrin(ogen)olysis. Onset of thrombotic microangiopathy is probably due to the switch of endothelium to a prothrombotic phenotype with overexpression of tissue factor and other pro-aggregating biomarkers in association with activation of platelets and coagulation. Thrombosis involving large-caliber vessels in envenomation remains a unique entity, which exact pathophysiology remains poorly understood.
Topics: Animals; Antivenins; Blood Coagulation; Blood Coagulation Disorders; Blood Platelets; Crotalid Venoms; Hemorrhage; Hemostasis; Humans; Thrombosis
PubMed: 34502548
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179643 -
In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2019Endothelial microparticles (EMP) are small vesicles which are released from the endothelium and contribute to blood coagulation activation in various clinical settings....
BACKGROUND/AIM
Endothelial microparticles (EMP) are small vesicles which are released from the endothelium and contribute to blood coagulation activation in various clinical settings. The aim of this study was to examine whether EMP influence blood coagulation activation in cancer patients during radiotherapy/radiochemotherapy (RT/RCT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixteen head and neck cancer (HNC) patients undergoing RT/RCT and 10 controls were examined. EMP and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT) were measured by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. Tissue factor-positive EMP (TFEMP) were defined as CD31/CD142/CD42b Results: TFEMP were significantly elevated in HNC patients before RT/RCT (T) (1299±1154/μl), one day after RT/RCT (T) (1257±603/μl) and 3 months after RT/RCT (T) (1289±372/μl) compared to controls (688±647/μl). TFEMP levels at T/T and T, as well as at T and T were not significantly different. TAT levels at T and T did not differ significantly but at T were significantly lower compared to T and T TFEMP and TAT concentrations were not significantly correlated at T (r=0.058; p=0.828), T (r=0.373, p=0.154) and T (r=-0.302, p=0.204).
CONCLUSION
TFEMP may not contribute to hemostatic abnormalities in HNC patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Coagulation; Cell-Derived Microparticles; Chemoradiotherapy; Endothelial Cells; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged
PubMed: 30804151
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11520 -
Clinical and Applied... Oct 2018Substantial clinical evidence indicates hyperthyroidism enhances coagulation and increases the risk of thrombosis. In vitro and clinical evidence implicate multiple... (Review)
Review
Substantial clinical evidence indicates hyperthyroidism enhances coagulation and increases the risk of thrombosis. In vitro and clinical evidence implicate multiple mechanisms for this risk. Genomic actions of thyroid hormone as 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine (T) via a nuclear thyroid hormone receptor have been implicated, but recent evidence shows that nongenomic mechanisms initiated at the receptor for L-thyroxine (T) on platelet integrin αvβ3 are prothrombotic. The T-initiated mechanisms involve platelet activation and, in addition, cellular production of cytokines and chemokines such as CX3CL1 with procoagulatory activities. These procoagulant actions of T are particulary of note because within cells T4 is not seen to be functional, but to be only a prohormone for T. Finally, it is also possible that thyroid hormone stimulates platelet-endothelial cell interaction involved in local thrombus generation. In this brief review, we survey mechanisms by which thyroid hormone is involved in coagulation and platelet functions. It is suggested that the threshold should be lowered for considering the possibility that clinically significant clotting may complicate hyperthyroidism. The value of routine measurement of partial thromboplastin time or circulating D-dimer in patients with hyperthyroid or in patients treated with thyrotropin-suppressing dosage of T requires clinical testing.
Topics: Blood Coagulation; Humans; Platelet Activation; Thrombosis; Thyroid Hormones
PubMed: 29742907
DOI: 10.1177/1076029618774150 -
Pathophysiology of Haemostasis and... 2005Snake venom proteases, in addition to their contribution to the digestion of the prey, affect various physiological functions. They affect platelet aggregation, blood... (Review)
Review
Snake venom proteases, in addition to their contribution to the digestion of the prey, affect various physiological functions. They affect platelet aggregation, blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, complement system, blood pressure and nervous system. This review provides a ready reference for serine proteases that interfere in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis. They exhibit their activity by activation of specific zymogens of coagulation factors. These serine proteases serve as tools to study molecular details in the activation of specific factors involved in coagulation and fibrinolytic cascades and are useful in treating various thrombotic and hemostatic conditions.
Topics: Animals; Blood Coagulation; Fibrinolysis; Humans; Serine Endopeptidases; Snake Venoms
PubMed: 16707928
DOI: 10.1159/000092424 -
Journal of Biomedical Optics Dec 2018The reflection and transmission of coherent light from a biological system can yield information about its condition. In the case of blood exposed to the air, there is a...
The reflection and transmission of coherent light from a biological system can yield information about its condition. In the case of blood exposed to the air, there is a change in the properties of the speckle patterns observed in the coagulation process. This can be studied by means of the rate of temporal variation, the contrast, and also the fractality of patterns. The fractality of the speckle pattern can be investigated by a fractal dimension, which can quantify a level of the complexity of platelet aggregation structure and a fibrin network formed in the process of blood coagulation. In addition, dynamic characteristics of a movement in blood also contain information on the progress of the coagulation process. Fractality and dynamic characteristics are investigated simultaneously for speckle patterns observed in the coagulation process of stored horse blood. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed method for detecting hemolysis and formation of platelet aggregation structure and the fibrin network during the coagulation process.
Topics: Blood Coagulation; Diagnostic Imaging; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Lasers
PubMed: 30569670
DOI: 10.1117/1.JBO.24.3.031018